What is Guan Zhong?

Guan Zhong
Guan Zhong (scientific name:
Dryopteris bissetiaha (Bak) C. Chr-Nephrodi-um bisseianum Bak), Guan Zhong, also known as
Mian Ma Guan Zhong, is the root and stem residue of Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai. It has the function of insecticide, heat clearing, detoxification, cooling blood, and stopping bleeding. It is used for wind-heat cold, warm rash, hematemesis, hemoptysis, hematochezia, menorrhagia, dysentery, vaginal discharge, and intestinal parasitic diseases such as hookworm, roundworm, and tapeworm.
Mian Ma Guan Zhong
Mian Ma Guan Zhong is a perennial herb that grows up to 50-100cm. Its rootstock is stout and obliquely grown with numerous hard stem residues and black fine roots, densely covered with dark brown, long lanceolate large scales. Leaves are clustered at the top of the rootstock, with a stalk of 10-25cm in length, and densely covered with brownish bar-shaped to diamond-shaped narrow scales above the base. The blade is herbaceous, inverted lanceolate, 60-100cm in length, and slightly wider at the upper middle part, bipinnately or deeply lobed, without petiole, densely arranged, and oblong in shape, with a round or truncated head, almost entire or bluntly serrated at the top, dark green on the upper side, and pale green on the lower side, with feather-shaped branched lateral veins. The sporophyll is the same shape as the trophophyll, with sporangia clusters growing above the middle of the feather blade, below the middle of the small vein at the back of the leaf, with a capsule-shaped or rounded kidney-shaped cover and brown color.
Growth environment of Guan Zhong
Guan Zhong grows in swampy forests or shady and humid places at altitudes of 300-1200m.
Harvest and processing of Guan Zhong
Harvest
Harvesting is done in spring or autumn. The leaves and roots are removed, the soil is cleaned, and then it is dried in the sun.
Processing
Slightly soak Guan Zhong with clean water, take it out, sprinkle water once in the morning and evening respectively, moisten it, slice it, and dry it in the sun.
Charred Guanzhong, take clean Guanzhong slices and stir-fry until charred black, spray with water and let it cool down.
Storage
Stored in cool and dry places.
Guan Zhong TCM
Medicine part
The root and stem residue of Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai.
Taste
Bitter, astringent, slightly cold in nature, mild toxic.
Tropism
Enter the liver and stomach meridians.
Effect
Guan Zhong has the effects of killing parasites, heat clearing, detoxification, cooling blood, and stopping bleeding.
Attending
Guan Zhong is used to treat wind-heat cold, warm rash, hematemesis, hemoptysis, intestinal wind bleeding, dysentery, hemorrhage, vaginal discharge, sores, urinary bleeding, excessive menstruation, postpartum bleeding, abortion, postpartum hemorrhage and parasites such as tapeworms and roundworms.
Dosage
3-8g daily, decocted in water or taken as pills or powder.
Taboo
(1)Guan Zhong is not suitable for those with yin deficiency and internal heat or spleen and stomach deficiency-cold.
(2)Pregnant women should use Guan Zhong with caution. It may cause fetal movement instability or even lead to miscarriage.
(3)Guan Zhong should not be taken with greasy foods such as oily pastries and fats, as they may affect the digestion and absorption of the gastrointestinal tract and reduce its efficacy.
Chemical Composition
Chemical components of Guan Zhong mainly include filixic acid BBB, PBB, PBP, flavaspidic acid AB, BB, PB, albaspidin, dryocrassin, α-D-glucooctano-δ-lactone enediol, and isopentenyaldenosine. It also contains triterpenoids such as diploptene, 9 (11)-fernene, adiantone, 29-hopanol, diplopterol, filicene, etc.
Guan Zhong benefits

Clinical application
(1)Used for abdominal pain caused by intestinal worms
Guan Zhong has the function of deworming and is commonly used for diseases caused by nematodes or tapeworms. It is often used in combination with other herbs such as wu wei zi, he shi, shi jun zi, lei wan, and bin lang. In recent years, it has also been used in clinical practice for treating hookworm disease.
(2)Used for boils, ulcers, and mumps
It has the function of clearing heat and detoxification, commonly used for skin infections and inflammation caused by heat toxins. It is often used in combination with other herbs such as jin yin hua and pu gong ying.
(3)Used for abnormal uterine bleeding
It has a cooling function, stops bleeding by cooling the blood, and is often used for uterine bleeding caused by heat. It is often used in combination with other herbs such as ce bai ye, xian he cao, mo han lian, and chen zong tan.
In addition, Guan Zhong can also be used to prevent colds, meningitis, and measles, as well as for treating gallbladder tapeworm disease, to contract the uterus, and inhibit skin fungi.
Guan Zhong side effects
(1)Guan Zhong is kind of toxic and improper use may cause poisoning. Patients may experience symptoms such as headache, dizziness, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Severe cases may even suffer limb stiffness, respiratory failure, and death.
(2)It may adversely affect the digestive system and central nervous system. Guan Zhong contains oxalic acid, which may affect the digestive system, causing indigestion. It may also affect the central nervous system, and high doses may cause insomnia, and damage to the brain's white matter.
(3)It may cause liver and kidney damage. As the liver and kidneys are the body's metabolic organs, prolonged use of Guan Zhong may cause an accumulation of toxins in the body, which may impair the liver and kidney function.
(4)The toxic components in Guan Zhong may harm the human optic nerve, causing a decrease in visual function and various symptoms such as blurred vision or decreased visual acuity. Long-term and excessive use may lead to irreversible blindness.
How to take Guan Zhong?
(1)Powdered form
Take 15g of Guan Zhong and grind it into fine powder. Mix the powder with warm water and drink it to treat nosebleeds.
(2)Topical application
Burn Guan Zhong to ashes, mix with sesame oil, and apply to the affected area to relieve pain.
(3)Decoction
Take 15g of Guan Zhong and 15g of yimucao, 8g each of squid bones, Ku Shen, dangshen, baishao, and shengdihuang, and 10g of fuling. Decoct these herbs in water and remove the dregs, then drink the juice.
(4)Steep Tea
15g of Guan Zhong, 15g of jin yin hua, 6g of huang qin, and 3g of gan cao, and brewing it with hot water. This tea is helpful in preventing colds, flu, meningitis, and Japanese encephalitis.
How to choose Guan Zhong?

Guanzhong, also known as Guan Jie, refers to the rhizomes of various fern plants in the family Lycopodiaceae, Selaginellaceae, Isoetaceae, Dryopteridaceae, and Ophioglossaceae. Among them, 35 varieties of medicinal materials are used as Guan Zhong. They are harvested in spring and autumn, and after removing the leaf stalks and roots, they are soaked in water, sliced, and dried in the sun. Guan Zhong has a cooling property and a bitter taste with slight toxicity. It enters the liver and stomach meridians and has the function of clearing heat and detoxifying, cooling blood and stopping bleeding, and expelling worms. It is commonly used for wind-heat cold, warm rash, hematemesis, bloody stools, dysmenorrhea, and other conditions. As there are many varieties of Guan Zhong, belonging to different families, and they have different properties, it is necessary to pay attention to distinguishing genuine from fake ones. Only the differences between genuine Mianma Guan Zhong and fake Su Tie fern are discussed below.
Genuine Guan Zhong has a long inverted-oval shape, slightly curved with a blunt round or truncated upper end, and a pointed lower end. The underground rhizome grows obliquely and is sometimes longitudinally split into two halves. The length is about 7-20 cm and the diameter is about 4-8 cm. The surface is densely covered with neatly arranged leaf stalk remnants and scales, and has curved rootlets. It is brown-yellow to dark brown in color. The leaf stalk remnants are flattened and are about 3-5 cm long and 0.5-1.0 cm in diameter with longitudinal ridges on the surface. The texture is hard and not easy to break, with a slightly flat brown cross-section and 5-13 yellowish-white vascular bundles arranged in a circle. There are usually three rootlets outside each leaf stalk remnant. The scale is lanceolate with entire edges and often falls off. It has a unique scent and a slightly bitter taste at the beginning and gradually becomes bitter with a slight spicy taste.
Fake Su Tie fern has a cylindrical shape, grows upright, and is smaller in size with a diameter of about 3-5 cm. It is covered with extremely short leaf stalk remnants, rootlets, and a small amount of brown scales, or the leaf stalk remnants are completely removed and the surface is dark brown. The transverse section is round with gray-brown to red-brown color and densely covered with black spots around the irregular circular teeth. There are numerous yellowish point-like vascular bundles scattered in the skin and more than ten central vascular bundles arranged in a circle, forming a pattern of U, V, or short lines. The leaf stalk base transverse section is almost circular with small black dots, and 6-10 vascular bundles are arranged in a circle. It has a weak scent and astringent taste.
Modern pharmacological studies have proven that Guan Zhong has strong antiviral and antibacterial effects and is often used to prevent influenza and meningitis, with good efficacy. Although fake Su Tie fern can also be used as medicine, it does not have the same effects as Guan Zhong and cannot replace it.
How to buy Guan Zhong?
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