What is Xiao Mai?
Xiao Mai is the seed of wheat or its flour of the grass family. Its functions are nourishing the heart, benefiting the kidney, removing heat, and quenching thirst. It is used for treating dirty agitation, irritable heat, thirst, diarrhea, carbuncle, traumatic bleeding, and burns.
Morphological characteristics of Xiao Mai
Xiao Mai is annual or biennial, 60 to 100 cm tall. Culms erect, usually with 6 to 9 nodes. Leaf-sheaths smooth, often shorter than internodes; ligule membranous, short; leaf blades flattened, oblong-lanceolate, 15-40 cm long, 8-14 mm wide, apex acuminate, base squared. Spikes erect, 3-10 cm long; spikelets flattened on both sides, about 12 mm long, arranged parallel or nearly parallel on the spike axis, each spikelet with 3-9 flowers, only the lower flowers bearing fruit. Spikelet internodes about 1 mm; glumes short, leathery, the first glume wider than the second glume, both abaxially with sharp ridges, sometimes extending into an awn, with 6 to 9 longitudinal veins, lemma membranous, slightly divided into 3 teeth, the central teeth often extending into an awn, abaxially 5 to 9 veins, palea and lemma equal or slightly shorter, ridges with scale-like narrow wings, the wing margins are finely hairy; stamens 3, anthers 1.5 to 2 mm long, tinged, filaments slender, ovary ovate. The glumes are rectangular or subovoid, about 6 mm long, and light brown. April to May. The fruiting period of Xiaomai is from May to June. The stem and leaves (wheat seedlings), dried and lightly floating seeds (floating wheat), and seed coat (wheat bran) of this plant are also used for medicinal purposes.
Growth environment of Xiao Mai
The soil layer is deep and the well-structured tillage layer is deeper, which is conducive to water storage and fertilization and promotes root development. Soil structure refers to the ratio of solid (organic and inorganic), liquid, and gas composition, which is closely related to soil moisture, air, temperature, and nutrients, such as sandy soils and heavy clay soils with poor structure, making it difficult to form high yields.
The average daily temperature of the suitable period for winter-type varieties is 16-18°C, 14-16°C for semi-winter type, and 12-14°C for spring type. The height of the temperature air is influenced by geographical latitude and altitude, i.e., the higher the latitude and altitude, the lower the temperature, and the sowing period can be earlier.
Wheat is a long daylight crop (8 to 12 hours of light per day) if the sunlight conditions are not sufficient. It will not pass the light stage and will not be able to set spikes. The wheat light stage follows the vernalization stage.
Type of Xiao Mai
Classification of wheat kernels by skin color
According to the different skin colors of Xiao Mai seeds, wheat can be divided into red-skinned wheat and white-skinned. Wheat is referred to as red wheat and white wheat. The skin of red wheat (also known as red wheat) is dark red or reddish brown; the skin of white wheat (also known as white wheat) is yellowish white or creamy white. The red and white wheat mixed together is called mixed wheat.
Classification of wheat grain quality
According to the grain quality, wheat can be divided into durum wheat and soft wheat. The endosperm structure of durum wheat is tight and translucent, also known as horniness or glassiness; the endosperm structure of soft wheat is loose and gypsum-like, also known as powder. In terms of wheat grain, when its keratin accounts for more than 1/2 of its cross-section, it is called keratin grain, hard wheat; and when its keratin is less than 1/2, it is called powder grain, soft wheat. For a batch of wheat, according to Chinese standards, durum wheat is wheat with not less than 70% horniness; soft wheat is wheat with not less than 70% flouriness.
Classification of the sowing season
According to the different
sowing seasons,
Xiaomai can be classified into spring wheat and winter wheat. Spring wheat refers to wheat sown in spring and harvested in the summer or autumn of that year; winter, wheat refers to wheat sown in autumn and winter and harvested in the summer of the next year.
Xiao Mai benefits
Xiao Mai is sweet and cool, rich in protein, fat, starch, calcium, iron, and other minerals, and has the effect of nourishing the heart and calming the mind, benefiting the qi and removing heat. Wheat contains a large amount of fiber, which can regulate the stomach and intestines, promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, eliminate toxic substances from the body and prevent constipation. Wheat has a very good calming effect on insomnia and anxiety and has a very good auxiliary effect on the restlessness of the mind. Wheat can reduce the level of estrogen in the blood for the purpose of preventing and treating breast cancer. Wheat can also relieve the symptoms of menopause in women and reduce discoloration, dark spots, and hyperpigmentation.
Wheat has the function of promoting metabolism, because wheat contains many substances, all of which can promote the metabolism of the body, and can promote the digestion and absorption of a variety of substances, such as promoting the absorption of protein, and various sugars. In addition, it has the function of nourishing the heart and spleen, wheat is into the heart and spleen meridians, so it has the role of nourishing the heart qi.
In addition, Xiaomai has the function of nourishing the deficiency and strengthening the spleen, so it has a certain alleviating effect on some causes of boredom, indigestion, abdominal distension, and loss of appetite. It also has the function of clearing heat and moistening dryness, because wheat is cool in nature, so it has a good effect of clearing heat and eliminating dryness, nourishing yin, and removing boredom; in addition, wheat has the function of relieving thirst.
Xiao Mai side effects
The side effects of eating Xiao Mai usually leads to abdominal distension. Wheat has the function of nourishing the heart and calming the mind, clearing heat and removing irritation as well as moistening the lungs and strengthening the spleen. It is good for patients who suffer from irritability, insomnia, chronic constipation and high estrogen in the body. Long-term consumption has the effect of beauty care, wrinkle removal, skin rejuvenation and spot removal. Wheat is also rich in vitamins and can improve the body's immunity and has an antiperspirant effect.
Xiao Mai TCM
Xiao Mai herb
Medicinal part
Harvest the ears in autumn, dry, beat off the fruit, remove impurities, take the mature fruit (wheat), immature fruit (floating wheat), sun-dried and spare.
Identification of medicinal materials
Characteristic
The caryopsis is oblong, slightly pointed at both ends, up to 6 mm long, 1.5-2.5 mm in diameter. surface light yellow-brown or yellow, slightly wrinkled, with a longitudinal row of deep grooves in the center of the ventral surface, with yellow-white pilose at the tip. Hard texture, white in cross section, powdery. Weak smell, light taste. Commodity sometimes with unpurified glumes and lemma, glumes leathery, with sharp ridges, apical cusp; lemma membranous, apical awn, palea thick papery, no awn.
Chemical composition
The seedlings contain Apigenin-di-C-acylglycosides, one of this new glycoside is Sinapyl-8-D galactosyl-6-C-arabinosylapigenin. In addition, it contains Vicenin-1.isoscha-ftoside, and schaftoside or their galactosyl isomers as well as marshmallow [Dhurrin, 2-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-2-(4 -hydroxyphenyl)-2S-acetonitrile]. The leaves and rods contain volatile substances such as CH3(CH2)7CHO and its isomers aldehydes and alcohols.
The seeds contain 53% to 70% starch, about 11% protein, 2% to 7% sugar, 2% to 10% dextrin, about 1.6% fat, and about 2% crude fiber. Fatty oil is mainly oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, glycerol esters of stearic acid. It also contains a small amount of glutathiol, lecithin, allantoin, arginine, amylase, maltase, protease and trace vitamin B, etc. Wheat germ contains phytoagglutinin.
Taste and function
Chinese herbs are sweet in taste and cool in nature. Wheat: Nourishes the heart and calms the mind, removes boredom. Floating wheat: Beneficial to Qi, removes heat and stops sweating.
Main treatment
Treating restlessness of the heart and mind, insomnia, dirty restlessness in women, irritability, mental depression, sadness and desire to cry. Floating wheat: treats spontaneous sweating, night sweating, and straining heat from bone vapor.
Dosage and Administration 30-60g of the herb, decocted in water; for external use, apply an appropriate amount of wheat flour to scalding fire wounds.
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