What is Yin Xiang?
Yin Xiang, its scientific name is Cinnamomum burmannii (Nees et T. Nees) Blume, alias Yinxiang, Gum Laurel, Earth Cinnamon, False Cinnamon Twig, Mountain Laurel, and Moon Laurel. It is distinguished from balsam fir by its leaves having off-base ternate veins but no glandular dots in the axils of the veins. The bark is grayish brown to blackish brown and has an odor similar to cinnamon. The odor of young branch tips is similar to sandalwood. It is produced in southeastern Asia and is found in southern China.
Yin Xiang herb has an umbrella-shaped or suborbicular crown, is evergreen, beautiful, fragrant and natural, and has strong resistance to chlorine and sulfur dioxide, making it an ideal anti-pollution garden tree. In recent years, it has been used as shade trees, street trees and scenic forests in cities and towns.
The kernel of the fruit also contains fat and can be used to extract oil for industrial use. The leaves can be used as raw material for aromatic plants and as medicine (pungent, fragrant, dispels wind). The tree also provides timber and is often used as green trees and street trees in gardens.
Morphological characteristics of Yin Xiang
Yin Xiang is a tree, up to 14 m tall, with a diameter at breast height of 30 cm; bark smooth, gray-brown to black-brown, inner bark red, tasting like cinnamon. Branches slender, green or brownish green, longitudinally finely striped, glabrous. Leaves alternate or subopposite, sparsely opposite, ovoid, oblong to lanceolate, 5.5-10.5 cm long, 2-5 cm wide, apex short acuminate, base broadly cuneate, leathery, green above, shiny, pinkish green below, obscure, both surfaces glabrous, with off-base ternate veins, midrib and lateral veins conspicuous above, very raised below, lateral veins arising from the base of the leaf 3-8 mm, disappearing toward the leaf end, transverse veins and veinlets Both surfaces slightly elevated, ± reticulate; petiole 0.5-1.2 cm long, ventrally flat and dorsally convex, subglabrous. Panicles axillary or subterminal, shorter than leaves, (2)3-6 cm long, few flowered, sparsely, densely gray-white puberulent, eventually branched into 3-flowered cymes. Flowers greenish white, ca. 5 mm; pedicels slender, 4-6 mm long, grayish puberulent. Perianth inner and outer surfaces densely grayish puberulent, perianth tube short, obconic, ca. 2 mm, perianth lobes oblong-ovoid, apex acute. Fertile stamens 9, filaments full-length and abaxially puberulent on anthers, first and second series of stamens 2.5 mm long, filaments slightly longer than anthers, eglandular, anthers oblong, 4-locular, indoor-oriented, third series of stamens 2.7 mm long, filaments slightly longer than anthers, with a pair of subsessile rounded glands at the middle, anthers oblong, 4-locular, outdoor-oriented. Staminodes 3, located in the innermost whorl, long triangular, about 1 mm long, stipitate, stalk about 0.7 mm long, puberulent. Ovary subglobose, ca. 1.5 mm, slightly puberulent, style 2 mm long, angular, slightly puberulent, stigma discoid.
Growth environment of Yin Xiang
Yin Xiang comes from Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, and Fujian, China. It grows in open forests, dense forests or thickets, or along streamside, 100-1400 m above sea level (up to 2100 m above sea level in Yunnan). It is also found in India, through Myanmar and Vietnam, to Indonesia and the Philippines.
Yinxiang likes sunlight, warm, hot and humid climate and fertile and moist soil. It is often grown in fertile, loose, moist and non-waterlogged places. Self-sowing power is strong, and there are often natural seedlings growing near the mother plant. It has a wide range of adaptation and grows well south of the central subtropics.
Prefers warm and humid climate. Slightly shade tolerant, prefer well-drained, deep fertile sandy loam soil.
Cultivation techniques of Yin Xiang
Yingxiang
Woodland selection
Forestation sites of Yin Xiang are selected in the lower and middle parts of mountains, hills and gentle slopes. The soil is sandy loamy to medium clayey, heavy loamy to light loamy. The land should be prepared two months before planting, and a small number of broad-leaved trees can be kept in the land preparation. The size of the planting hole is 50 cm x 50 cm x 40 cm. Planting density is 1350-1650 plants/ha. About 10 days before planting, the hole is backfilled with half of the topsoil and then fertilized with 100 grams of compound fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer per hole, and mixed well, then backfilled with heart soil to a flat hole ready for planting. Planting should be done in March-April. Drench the seedlings with water before planting and strip all the bags when planting, but prevent the nutrient soil from breaking. The planting depth should be about 5 cm to cover the nutrient soil, and compact the soil around the nutrient soil. When the seedlings are taller, they can be planted deeper. Check and replenish seedlings 1 month after planting.
Nurture management
Nurture of Yinxiang is carried out once in November of the year of planting, and once in January and November of each subsequent year until the stand is closed. The main methods of nurturing are weeding, loosening, cultivating and expanding. Combined with the fertilization for fertilization, each hole with compound fertilizer about 50 grams, in the drip line at the semi-ring buried ditch, ditch depth of about 15 cm, the fertilizer evenly applied to the ditch, and then cover soil. After the fourth year of afforestation, fertilization and fertilization depends on the growth of the plant. After the forest is closed, you can start to pick the leaves and bark to make aromatic oil or for medicinal purposes. Pay attention to fire prevention and human and animal trampling.
How to reproduce Yin Xiang?
Yin Xiang is propagated by seeds. Seed maturity varies around, Hainan natural forest trees, March-April fruit ripening. When ripe, the fruit skin black, after harvesting, composting for several days, after the flesh is fully softened, macerate with cold water, rub off the skin, rinse off the flesh with water, spread out to dry. Should be harvested immediately after sowing or sand storage, sand storage preferably not more than 20d.
Yin Xiang seeds are large, a thousand grain weight up to 150g, so the seeds should be sown by hole or strip sowing, germination rate of 60%-70%. Proper shade during the seedling period to avoid sunburn. For greenery planting, it is better to cultivate 3-5 years old seedlings for planting.
In the late spring and early summer of the same year, nurture once to loosen the soil, cultivate the roots, correct the seedlings, replenish the roots, to ensure that the young forest all seedlings. After that, at least 2 times a year, for 3-4 years, until the forest is closed.
Herb Identification of Yin Xiang
Yin Xiang herb
Microscopic identification
Bark cross-section
The
cork layer of
Yinxiang is composed of several rows of cork cells, the outer wall of the innermost row of cells is thickened and lignified. The cortex is obvious, with oil cells, mucilage cells and lithocyte groups. The stone-cell cluster is intermittently arranged in a ring at the sheath of the middle column. The sclerotia have stone cell groups, more against the outer side; sclerotial fibers are few, more single scattered; sclerotial rays are 1-3 rows of cells wide, varying in length; oil cells are everywhere, and there are mucus cells. The thin-walled cells of this product contain calcium oxalate square crystals, especially in the ray cells are dense, some stone cells also contain small square crystals.
The powder is reddish brown.
a. Fibers are long poke-shaped, with microwave-like or acuminate edges, a few clearly forked, 226-690 μm long, 15-48 μm in diameter, with very thick walls and lignified. There are also thinner walls, non-woody or slightly woody. Cells containing small square crystals are often attached next to the fibers.
b. The walls of ray cells are slightly thicker, lignified, some are connate, with obvious striae and small square crystals in the cytosol.
c. Lithocytes are square-like, rectangular-like, or short spindle-shaped, rarely branched, 22-38 μm (-50) μm in diameter, with thick or very thick walls, and also with walls that are thick on three sides and thin on one side.
In addition, there are cork cells, bast thin-walled cells, starch grains, and calcium oxalate square crystals.
Yin Xiang benefits
Yin Xiang usually has benefits such as warming the middle and moving Qi to relieve pain and dispel wind and cold, as well as detoxifying and reducing swelling and stopping bleeding. Yin Xiang is the root or root bark of the camphor plant Yin Xiang, also known as mountain cinnamon, etc., is a green plant, need to be harvested by patients in the summer time, and then dried, special Poria efficacy production pungent, slightly sweet warm, in the use of water decoction, and then powdered and swallowed. Specific dosage needs to follow medical advice, so that the safety will be higher.
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